If a lithium-ion battery does not charge or discharge during its life (such as when stored), will it lose capacity?
2024-06-29
Lithium-ion batteries experience capacity loss during storage, even if they are not charged or discharged. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to the following factors:
1. Self-discharge: All batteries experience self-discharge during storage. Lithium-ion batteries also slowly release their charge when stored, which causes the battery capacity to gradually decrease. The higher the temperature, the faster the self-discharge rate.
2. Electrolyte decomposition: The electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries may gradually decompose during long-term storage, which will cause the battery's internal resistance to increase, thereby reducing the battery's available capacity.
3. SEI film changes: A solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is formed on the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery. During long-term storage, the SEI film may change or further thicken, which will affect the conductivity of lithium ions and thus reduce the battery's capacity.
4. Aging of electrode materials: The positive and negative electrode materials of the battery will also age during long-term storage, which will cause the battery's active materials to decrease, thereby affecting the battery's capacity.
To reduce capacity loss during storage, here are some suggestions:
1. Storage environment temperature: Storing lithium-ion batteries in a low temperature, dry environment can effectively reduce the rate of self-discharge and electrolyte decomposition. The storage temperature is usually recommended to be around 15°C.
2. Storage power: Keeping lithium-ion batteries at 40%-60% power before storage can minimize capacity loss. Too high or too low power will have an adverse effect on battery life.
3. Regular inspection and maintenance: Batteries stored for a long time should be checked regularly and charged and discharged when necessary to ensure that the battery remains in optimal condition.
In general, lithium-ion batteries do lose a certain amount of capacity during storage, but with proper storage methods and maintenance, this loss can be effectively reduced and the battery life can be extended.
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